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Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, Vol. 8, No. 1, 3-18 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1524838006296746

Health Care-Based Interventions for Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Violence

A Review of the Literature

Sandra L. Martin

University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill

Siobhan K. Young

Research Triangle Institute

Deborah L. Billings

Ipas, Chapel Hill, NC

C. Christopher Bross

Ipas, Chapel Hill, NC

Thirty publications that evaluated health care-based interventions for women who experienced sexual violence were reviewed. The findings highlight that clinicians often need training in the provision sexual assault care, and that not all emergency departments have sexual assault care protocols. Studies examining effectiveness found that Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner programs are very helpful, that health care-based sexual assault treatment settings attract more women than do forensic-based settings, that sexual assault survivors often prefer a combination of medication and counseling treatment, and that preexam administration of a video explaining the collection of forensic evidence may reduce women's stress during the procedure. Studies on postexposure HIV prophylaxis found that many women did not complete the treatment regimen, often because of side effects. Emergency contraception to prevent postrape pregnancy is not consistently offered to women. Only one study reported on abortion as part of the range of sexual assault services.

Key Words: health services • rape • sexual assault • violence • women


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